1910 BSA Handbook (called the Book of Organization) by Chief Scout,
Ernest Thompson Seton, had 14 "Badges of Merit". They were: Ambulance,
Clerk, Cycling, Electrician, Fireman, Gardener, Horseman, Marksmanship,
Master-of-Arms, Musician, Pioneer, Seamanship, Signaler, and Stalkers.
The 1911 Handbook carried over all the 1910 Badges of Merit except
the Master-at-Arms Badge of Merit. The Master-at-Arms Badge involved
mastering 3 of the following combat skills: single stick, boxing, ju
jitsu, wrestling, quarterstaff and fencing. The 1911 Handbook changed
the term to Merit Badge and changed the names of the other 13 merit
badges:
There were a total of 57 merit badges in the 1911 handbook. These
included the 13 above that were carried over and the following which
were added: Agriculture, Angling, Archery, Architecture, Art,
Astronomy, Athletics, Automobiling, Aviation, Bee Farming,
Blacksmithing, Bugling, Business, Camping, Carpentry, Chemistry,
Civics, Conservation, Cooking, Craftsmanship, Dairying, First Aid to
Animals, Forestry, Handicraft, Interpreting, Invention, Leather
Working, Life Saving, Machinery, Masonry, Mining, Ornithology,
Painting, Pathfinding, Personal Health, Photography, Plumbing, Poultry
Farming, Printing, Public Health, Scholarship, Sculpture, Surveying,
Swimming, and Taxidermy.
Merit badges are designed to emphasize the ability “to do” rather
than just knowledge. They were designed to “introduce a boy to life”
including careers , hobbies, and other skills. Of the 121 current
merit badges, 27 remain from the group of 57 original merit badges and
94 have been introduced since then. An additional 88 merit badges were
created after 1911 but were subsequently dropped. So, all together,
there have been a total of 239 different merit badges.
A director of the Boy Scout division of the BSA stated at a Boy
Scout Program conference at Philmont that a merit badge is never
officially dropped. They are just omitted from all literature, the
cloth badge is not made, and there are no books published. Apparently
someone that has the most recent set of requirements can use them. I am
not sure how one goes about getting an approved counselor. That could
be a problem, however that hasn't stopped some people. A case in point
is the Rabbit Raising Merit Badge that was dropped in 1993. BSA records
indicate that 49 Rabbit Raising Merit Badges were earned in 2003. Using
a realistic approach, my definition for the final year for a merit
badge is the last year it appears in BSA literature as a valid merit
badge even though it may be earned many years after that.
Most of the very popular merit badges are the Eagle Scout rank
required badges. Approximately 50,000 of each of these are earned each
year. Other popular merit badges include camp handicrafts such as
leatherwork and carving; popular camp activities such as archery, rifle
shoting, canoeing, indian lore, and wilderness survival; and others
that are frequently done as a troop such as fingerprinting,
In looking at the list some general conclusions can be drawn.
Slightly more Scout are into Music than Sports, 15,114 to 10,968. There
is a lot of interest in the classic Scouting skills of first aid,
swimming, lifesaving, cooking, climbing, and nature study. Nature study
accounts for 10 of the more popular merit badges: Environmental
Science, Mammal Study, Fishing, Geology, Nature, Weather, Forestry,
Soil and Water Conservation, and Reptile Study. Hiking has dropped to
the middle of the pack along with Cycling, Scholarship and Reading.
When a new merit badge is adopted, usually the least popular merit badge is in danger of being dropped.
Source: Steven Henning: